The 17th century organ composers of Germany can be divided into two primary schools: the north German school and the south German school (sometimes a third school, central German, is added). The stylistic differences were dictated not only by teacher-pupil traditions and international influences, but also by separate organ building traditions: northern organs tend to have a tower layout with emphasis on the pedal division, while southern and Austrian instruments are typically divided around a window and emphasize manual divisions.

North German organ school

Overview

The composer who is now considered the founder of this school is

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck ( ; April or May, 1562 – 16 October 1621) was a Dutch composer, organist, and pedagogue whose work straddled the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque eras. He was among the first major keyboard compo ...

, a

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

composer (a student of his father Pieter Swybbertszoon and of

Gioseffo Zarlino Gioseffo Zarlino (31 January or 22 March 1517 – 4 February 1590) was an Italian music theorist and composer of the Renaissance. He made a large contribution to the theory of counterpoint as well as to musical tuning. Life and career Zarlin ...

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

). Sweelinck's fame as a teacher was very widespread (in Germany he was known as the "maker of organists"), as was his influence. However, the English keyboard school withered during the first half of the 17th century, and the Dutch composers after Sweelinck were either not on his level (

Anthoni van Noordt Anthoni van Noordt (c. 1619 – 23 March 1675) was a Dutch composer and organist. Born in Amsterdam, where he lived throughout his life, he was the brother of Jacobus and Jan van Noordt. He became the organist of the Nieuwezijdskapel in 1652, a ...

) or left too few compositions to make any significant mark on the history of European music ( Pieter Cornet). Sweelinck's influence therefore was primarily important in Germany,

Heinrich Scheidemann Heinrich Scheidemann (ca. 1595 – 1663) was a German organist and composer. He was the best-known composer for the organ in north Germany in the early to mid-17th century, and was an important forerunner of Dieterich Buxtehude and J.S. Ba ...

and

Gottfried Scheidt Gottfried Scheidt (20 September 1593 – 3 June 1661) was a German composer and organist. Born in Halle, he moved to Amsterdam in 1611 to study with Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, returning home in 1615 to further study with his older brother Samuel ...

being the first major composers to study under him. Later northerners like

Franz Tunder Franz Tunder (1614 – November 5, 1667) was a German composer and organist of the early to middle Baroque era. He was an important link between the early German Baroque style which was based on Venetian models, and the later Baroque style ...

Georg Böhm Georg Böhm (2 September 1661 – 18 May 1733) was a German Baroque organist and composer. He is notable for his development of the chorale partita and for his influence on the young J. S. Bach. Life Böhm was born in 1661 in Hohenkirchen. H ...

and

Johann Adam Reincken Johann Adam Reincken (also ''Jan Adams, Jean Adam'', ''Reinken, Reinkinck, Reincke, Reinicke, Reinike''; baptized 10 December 1643 – 24 November 1722) was a Dutch/German organist and composer. He was one of the most important composers of the ...

all cultivated a harmonically and rhythmically complex improvisatory style rooted in the chorale improvisation tradition. Forms such as the organ prelude (a multi-sectional composition with numerous flourishes and embellishments such as scale runs, arpeggios and complex counterpoint) and the chorale fantasia (a musical setting of a whole verse of the chorale text, resulting in a multi-sectional composition with contrasting sections for different lines) were developed almost exclusively by north German composers.

Dieterich Buxtehude Dieterich Buxtehude (; ; born Diderik Hansen Buxtehude; c. 1637 – 9 May 1707) was a Danish organist and composer of the Baroque period, whose works are typical of the North German organ school. As a composer who worked in various vocal a ...

's work represents the pinnacle of this tradition; the ''praeludia'' form the core of his work. Nikolaus Bruhns was the most important of Buxtehude's pupils, but he died early and only a few works by him survive. The quality of north German organs improved vastly during the 17th and early 18th century. The instruments would typically have two or more manuals, a pedalboard and a wide range of stops; this contributed to the style cultivated across the region as the majority of large-scale works require considerable pedal skills and benefit from larger, more versatile organs.

List of composers

Johann Friedrich Alberti Johann Friedrich Alberti (11 January 1642 – 14 June 1710) was a German composer and organist. Alberti was born in Tönning, Schleswig. He received his musical training in Leipzig from Werner Fabricius and in Dresden from Vincenzo Albrici ...

(studied under

Werner Fabricius Fabricius Werner (1633-1679), an organist and composer of note, was born April 10, 1633, at Itzehoe, Holstein. As a boy he studied music under his father, Albert Fabricius, organist in Flensburg, and Paul Moth, the Cantor there. He went to the G ...

and

Vincenzo Albrici Vincenzo Albrici (26 June 1631 in Rome - 7 September 1687 in Prague) was an Italian composer, brother of Bartolomeo and nephew of Fabio and Alessandro Costantini. Albrici was born as the son of singer who settled from Marche in Rome. In 1641 he ...

) * Vincenzo Albrici *

Bach Family The Bach family refers to several notable composers of the Baroque music, baroque and Classical period (music), classical periods of music, the best-known of whom was Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750). A family genealogy was drawn up by Johann ...

Christoph Bernhard Christoph Bernhard (1 January 1628 – 14 November 1692) was born in Kolberg, Pomerania, and died in Dresden. He was a German Baroque composer and musician. He studied with former Sweelinck-pupil Paul Siefert in Danzig (now Gdańsk) and in War ...

(studied under

Paul Siefert Paul Siefert (variants: Syfert, Sivert, Sibert; 23 May 1586 – 6 May 1666) was a German composer and organist associated with the North German school. Biography He was born in Danzig (Gdańsk), Royal Prussia (a fief of the Crown of Poland) to ...

and

Agostino Fontana Agostino may refer to: *Agostino (name) * ''Agostino'' (film), an Italian film directed by Mauro Bolognini * ''Agostino'' (novel), a short novel by Alberto Moravia *, an Italian coaster See also *Agostini (disambiguation) *D'Agostino (disambiguati ...

; worked with

Heinrich Schütz Heinrich Schütz (; 6 November 1672) was a German early Baroque composer and organist, generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach, as well as one of the most important composers of the 17th century. He ...

and

Matthias Weckmann Matthias Weckmann (''Weckman'') (''c''.1616 24 February 1674) was a German musician and composer of the Baroque period. He was born in Niederdorla (Thuringia) and died in Hamburg. Life His musical training took place in Dresden (as a chorister a ...

) *

(studied under Reincken) *

Jakob Bölsche Jakob may refer to: People * Jakob (given name), including a list of people with the name * Jakob (surname), including a list of people with the name Other * Jakob (band), a New Zealand band, and the title of their 1999 EP * Max Jakob Memorial Aw ...

(studied under

Georg Dietrich Leyding Georg Dietrich Leyding (or Leiding) (; 23 February 1664 – 10 May 1710) was a German composer and organist associated with the North German school. Born in Bücken, close to Nienburg, his father was a riding master in the French lifeguards ...

) * Nikolaus Bruhns (studied under Buxtehude; nephew of

Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns or Brauns (11 February 1637 in Lollfuß – 13 March 1718 in Hamburg) was a German composer and music director in Hamburg. Bruhns was born in Lollfuß, Schleswig. In 1682 he succeeded Nicolaus Adam Strungk in charge ...

) *

Arnold Matthias Brunckhorst Arnold Matthias Brunckhorst (1670–1725) was a German organist and composer. He was born in Celle or Wietzendorf. Beginning in 1693, he served as an organist at St. Andreas in Hildesheim. In 1697, he assumed the organist's post at the Stadtkir ...

Johann Heinrich Buttstett Johann Heinrich Buttstett (also ''Buttstedt'', ''Buttstädt'') (25 April 1666 – December 1, 1727) was a German Baroque organist and composer. Although he was Johann Pachelbel's most important pupil and one of the last major exponents of the sou ...

(studied under Johann Pachelbel) *

(Associate of Reincken and Pachelbel (one of the two dedicatees of Pachelbel's ''

Hexachordum Apollinis ''Hexachordum Apollinis'' (PWC 193–8, T. 211–6, PC 131–6, POP 1–6) is a collection of keyboard music by Johann Pachelbel, published in 1699. It comprises six arias with variations, on original themes, and is generally regarded as one of th ...

''; son-in-law and successor to Tunder) * Andreas Düben I * Andreas Düben (studied under Sweelinck; son of Andreas Düben I, brother of Martin Düben, father of

Gustaf Düben Gustaf Düben (also spelt Gustav) (1624/1628December 19, 1690) was a Swedish organist and composer. Personal life Early life Düben was born in the 1620s in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of the German-born Andreas Düben, an organist, and Anna ...

) * Gustaf Düben (studied under his father Andreas Düben) * Martin Düben (son of Andreas Düben I, brother of Andreas Düben; like his brother, studied under Sweelinck) * David Ebel I (father of David Ebel II; successor to Barthold Hering as Organist at St. Mary's Church, Lübeck * David Ebel II * Hermann Ebel (successor of Heinrich Marcus as Organist at St. Mary's Church, Lübeck; succeeded to post by Peter Hasse) * Daniel Erich (studied under Buxtehude) * Werner Fabricius (studied under

Thomas Selle Thomas Selle (23 March 1599 – 2 July 1663) was a seventeenth-century German baroque composer. Life There is practically no reliable information about the early years of Thomas Selle. Between his birth in 1599 and his matriculation in the U ...

and Scheidemann) *

Christian Flor Christian Flor (162628 September 1697) was a German composer and organist. Working at churches in Rendsburg and Lüneburg, he was widely known for vocal and organ compositions. He composed one of the earliest Passion oratorios, in 1667. Life ...

(predecessor as Organist at

St. John's Church, Lüneburg The Church of John the Baptist (Germ. ''St. Johannis'' or ''Johanniskirche'') is the oldest Lutheran church in Lüneburg, Germany. It is located in the city centre. Lüneburg is on the European Route of Brick Gothic and the church is an example o ...

to Böhm) *

Johann Philipp Förtsch Johann Philipp Förtsch (14 May 1652 - 14 December 1732) was a German baroque composer, statesman and doctor. Life Förtsch was born in Wertheim and possibly received his musical education from Johann Philipp Krieger. Moving to Hamburg in 1674 to ...

(studied under

Johann Philipp Krieger Johann Philipp Krieger (also ''Kriger'', ''Krüger'', ''Krugl'', and ''Giovanni Filippo Kriegher''; baptised 27 February 1649; died 7 February 1725) was a German Baroque composer and organist. He was the elder brother of Johann Krieger. Life Ea ...

; a principal composer for the

Hamburg Opera The Hamburg State Opera (in German: Staatsoper Hamburg) is a German opera company based in Hamburg. Its theatre is near the square of Gänsemarkt. Since 2015, the current ''Intendant'' of the company is Georges Delnon, and the current ''Gener ...

) * Christian Geist * Johann Nikolaus Hanff (teacher to

Johann Mattheson Johann Mattheson (28 September 1681 – 17 April 1764) was a German composer, singer, writer, lexicographer, diplomat and music theorist. Early life and career The son of a prosperous tax collector, Mattheson received a broad liberal education ...

) * Nikolaus Hasse (son of Peter Hasse) * Peter Hasse (studied under Sweelinck; Succeeded to post of Organist at St. Mary's Church, Lübeck by

) * Peter Hasse II (studied under Sweelinck) *

Petrus Heydorn Petrus may refer to: People * Petrus (given name) * Petrus (surname) * Petrus Borel, pen name of Joseph-Pierre Borel d'Hauterive (1809–1859), French Romantic writer * Petrus Brovka, pen name of Pyotr Ustinovich Brovka (1905–1980), Soviet Belar ...

* Ewaldt Hintz (studied under

Johann Jakob Froberger Johann Jakob Froberger ( baptized 19 May 1616 – 7 May 1667) was a German Baroque composer, keyboard virtuoso, and organist. Among the most famous composers of the era, he was influential in developing the musical form of the suite of dances in h ...

) *

Wilhelm Karges Wilhelm Karges (1613/14–1699), was a German organist and composer in the North German organ tradition. Much of Karges' life was spent in and around Berlin, where he was born, worked, and died. Karges came into contact with Sweelinck's student, ...

Andreas Kneller Andreas Kneller (variants: Kniller, Knöller, Knüller) (23 April 1649 – 24 August 1724) was a German composer and organist of the North German school. Life Born in Lübeck, he was the younger brother of portrait painter Sir Godfrey Kneller. ...

(studied either under Tunder or his uncle Matthias Weckmann; brother to

Sir Godfrey Kneller Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1st Baronet (born Gottfried Kniller; 8 August 1646 – 19 October 1723), was the leading portrait painter in England during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and was court painter to English and British monarchs from ...

) *

Johann Ludwig Krebs Johann Ludwig Krebs (baptized 12 October 1713 – 1 January 1780) was a German Baroque musician and composer for the pipe organ, harpsichord, other instruments and orchestras. His output also included chamber music, choral works and concertos ...

(studied under J. S. Bach, son of

Johann Tobias Krebs Johann Tobias Krebs (7 July 1690 – 11 February 1762) was a German organist and composer, today best remembered as the father of Johann Ludwig Krebs, one of Bach's most accomplished pupils. Krebs was born in Heichelheim and went to school i ...

) *

(studied under J. S. Bach, father of

) * Adam Krieger (studied under

Samuel Scheidt Samuel Scheidt (baptised 3 November 1587 – 24 March 1654) was a German composer, organist and teacher of the early Baroque era. Life and career Scheidt was born in Halle, and after early studies there, he went to Amsterdam to study with ...

) * Jakob Kortkamp (studied under

Jacob Praetorius Jacob Praetorius or Schultz (8 February 158621 or 22 October 1651) was a German people, German Baroque composer and organist, and the son of Hieronymus Praetorius. His grandfather, the father of Hieronymus, Jacob Praetorius the Elder (died 1586) w ...

) *

(studied under Reincken, Buxtehude, and Johann Theile) * Johann Lorentz *

Vincent Lübeck Vincent Lübeck (c. September 1654 – 9 February 1740) was a German composer and organist. He was born in Padingbüttel and worked as organist and composer at Stade's St. Cosmae et Damiani (1675–1702) and Hamburg's famous St. Nikolai (1702� ...

(possibly studied under Kneller and Buxtehude) * Heinrich Marcus *

Johann Valentin Meder Johann Valentin Meder (baptised May 3, 1649 – July 1719) was a German composer, organist, and singer. (He is not to be confused with the German composer Johann Gabriel Meder, born in 1729 near Erfurt, and active in Amsterdam until 1800; nor is the ...

* Peter Mohrhardt * Andreas Neunhaber (studied under Paul Siefert) *

Bartholomaeus Praetorius Bartholomaeus Praetorius (1590?–1623?) was a German composer. He was born around 1590 in Malbork in the Kingdom of Poland. He studied at the University of Königsberg and subsequently was employed by King Gustavus Adolphus in Sweden. Some o ...

Hieronymus Praetorius Hieronymus Praetorius (10 August 1560 – 27 January 1629) was a Northern German composer and organist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque whose polychoral motets in 8 to 20 voices are intricate and vividly expressive. Some of his organ ...

(son of Jacob Praetorius I) * Hieronymus (II) Praetorius * Hieronymus (III) Praetorius (son of

; studied under Sweelinck) * Jacob Praetorius I (father of Hieronymus Praetorius) * Jacob Praetorius (son of Hieronymus Praetorius, brother of Michael (II) Praetorius and Johann Praetorius; studied under Sweelinck) * Johann Praetorius (son of Hieronymus Praetorius, brother of Michael (II) Praetorius and Jacob Praetorius; studied under Sweelinck) *

Michael Praetorius Michael Praetorius (probably 28 September 1571 – 15 February 1621) was a German composer, organist, and music theorist. He was one of the most versatile composers of his age, being particularly significant in the development of musical forms ba ...

(born Schultze) * Michael (II) Praetorius (son of Hieronymus Praetorius, brother of Jacob Praetorius and Johann Praetorius) * Johann Martin Radeck *

Johann Adam Reinken Johann Adam Reincken (also ''Jan Adams, Jean Adam'', ''Reinken, Reinkinck, Reincke, Reinicke, Reinike''; baptized 10 December 1643 – 24 November 1722) was a Dutch/German organist and composer. He was one of the most important composers of the ...

(studied under Scheidemann) *

Christian Ritter Christian Ritter (probably 1645 to 1650 – probably after 1725) was a composer and organist of the North German organ school. Biography Ritter was probably a pupil of Christoph Bernhard in Dresden. A notice on one of his works described him as ...

(studied under Christoph Bernhard) * Georg Wilhelm Saxer *

(studied under Sweelinck) *

(studied under Sweelinck; brother to

) *

(studied under Sweelinck) * Johann Christian Schieferdecker (friend to

Reinhard Keiser Reinhard Keiser (9 January 1674 – 12 September 1739) was a German opera composer based in Hamburg. He wrote over a hundred operas. Johann Adolf Scheibe (writing in 1745) considered him an equal to Johann Kuhnau, George Frideric Handel and Georg ...

(for whom he often composed operas for the Hamburg Opera); student, assistant, and successor to Buxtehude) *

Melchior Schildt Melchior Schildt (born 1592 or 1593, Hanover – 18 May 1667) was a German composer and organist of the North German Organ School. He came from a long line of church musicians who had served the town of Hanover for over 125 years. He studied with ...

(studied under Sweelinck) *

(studied under Sweelinck; teacher to Andreas Neunhaber and possibly Christoph Bernhard) * Johann Steffens * Delphin Strungk (studied under Sweelinck; father of

Nicolaus Adam Strungk Nicolaus Adam Strungk (christened 15 November 1640 in Braunschweig – 23 September 1700 in Dresden) was a German composer and violinist. Life Nicolaus Adam was the son of the organist Delphin Strungk. He studied organ under his father, then a ...

) *

(son of Delphin Strungk) *

(possibly studied under Frescobaldi; father-in-law and predecessor as Organist of St. Mary's Church, Lübeck to Buxtehude) *

Andreas Nicolaus Vetter Andreas Nicolaus Vetter (; October 1666 – 13 June 1734) was a German organist and composer. Biography He was born in Herschdorf, in present-day Thuringia. In his ''Zur Geschichte des Orgelspiels'' (1884), August Gottfried Ritter gives 30, Oct. 1 ...

(studied under Pachelbel and

Georg Caspar Wecker Georg Caspar Wecker (baptized 2 April 1632 – 20 April 1695) was a German Baroque organist and composer. A minor composer of the Nuremberg school, Wecker is now best remembered as one of Johann Pachelbel's first teachers. Wecker was born an ...

) *

(studied under Schütz, Jacob Praetorius and Scheidemann) *

Andreas Werckmeister Andreas Werckmeister (November 30, 1645 – October 26, 1706) was a German organist, music theorist, and composer of the Baroque era. He was amongst the earliest advocates of equal temperament, and through this advocacy was highly influential to ...

(possible teacher to

Johann Gottfried Walther Johann Gottfried Walther (18 September 1684 – 23 March 1748) was a German music theorist, organist, composer, and lexicographer of the Baroque era. Walther was born at Erfurt. Not only was his life almost exactly contemporaneous to that ...

) *

Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow or Zachau (14 November 1663, Leipzig – 7 August 1712, Halle) was a German musician and composer of vocal and keyboard music. Life Zachow probably received his training from his father, the piper Heinrich Zachow, o ...

(teacher to

George Frideric Handel George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (; baptised , ; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque music, Baroque composer well known for his opera#Baroque era, operas, oratorios, anthems, concerto grosso, concerti grossi, ...

)

South German organ school

Overview

The tradition of the south was shaped by composers who travelled to Italy or studied under Italian masters. The first important southerner was

, who visited Italy and France and cultivated Italian idioms in his

toccata Toccata (from Italian ''toccare'', literally, "to touch", with "toccata" being the action of touching) is a virtuoso piece of music typically for a keyboard or plucked string instrument featuring fast-moving, lightly fingered or otherwise virtu ...

s (influenced by

Girolamo Frescobaldi Girolamo Alessandro Frescobaldi (; also Gerolamo, Girolimo, and Geronimo Alissandro; September 15831 March 1643) was an Italian composer and virtuoso keyboard player. Born in the Duchy of Ferrara, he was one of the most important composers of k ...

and

Giovanni de Macque Giovanni de Macque (Giovanni de Maque, Jean de Macque) (1548/1550 – September 1614) was a Netherlandish composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque, who spent almost his entire life in Italy. He was one of the most famous Neapolitan compo ...

) and the French lutenists' '' style brisé'' in his harpsichord suites – he was also the first to establish the standard model for the suite, which was later used by both south and north German composers. Froberger's influence was felt all over Europe and extended far into the future: Albrechtsberger,

Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...

's teacher, knew and respected Froberger's work, and a copy of a part of one of his composition exists in the hand of

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his ra ...

. Froberger did not have any significant pupils, but the other important southerner,

Johann Kaspar Kerll Johann Caspar Kerll (9 April 1627 – 13 February 1693) was a German baroque composer and organist. He is also known as Kerl, Gherl, Giovanni Gasparo Cherll and Gaspard Kerle. Born in Adorf in the Electorate of Saxony as the son of an organist ...

, did achieve fame as a teacher and influenced numerous composers. Kerll initially studied under

Giovanni Valentini Giovanni Valentini (ca. 1582 – 29/30 April 1649) was an Italian Baroque composer, poet and keyboard virtuoso. Overshadowed by his contemporaries, Claudio Monteverdi and Heinrich Schütz, Valentini is practically forgotten today, although he ...

, an Italian composer who worked in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

; he then travelled to Italy and visited many more regions of Europe. Kerll's influence was perhaps short-lived compared to Froberger's (the most important fact here being

Händel George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (; baptised , ; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos. Handel received his training i ...

's frequent borrowing from Kerll's work), but he was a model (perhaps even taught) for the Nuremberg-born Johann Pachelbel, whose work is the highest point of the south German tradition. Typical south German organs differed from their northern counterparts and could have only a dozen or two of stops, sometimes a single manual and, occasionally, no pedal; much like many Italian instruments. The music of south German composers on the whole concentrates more on melody, harmonic clarity and sound; genre-wise, Italian models were adopted and resulted in German versions of the

, a special brand of improvisatory preludes, and ostinato variation forms:

chaconne A chaconne (; ; es, chacona, links=no; it, ciaccona, links=no, ; earlier English: ''chacony'') is a type of musical composition often used as a vehicle for variation on a repeated short harmonic progression, often involving a fairly short rep ...

s and

passacaglia The passacaglia (; ) is a musical form that originated in early seventeenth-century Spain and is still used today by composers. It is usually of a serious character and is often based on a bass- ostinato and written in triple metre. Origin The t ...

s. Perhaps the last significant southerner was

, Pachelbel's pupil, who continued the trends set by his teacher but did not achieve any considerable fame; it appears that numerous works by him are now lost.

List of composers

Christian Erbach Christian Erbach (ca. 1568 – 14 June 1635) was a German organist and composer. Erbach was born in Gau-Algesheim, Mainz-Bingen, now in the Rhineland-Palatinate Bundesland, and began to study musical composition at a considerably young age. Aside ...

(ca. 1568 – 14 June 1635 in Augsburg) *

Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer __NOTOC__ ) , baptised = ( cs, }), Royal Bohemia, Austria , death_date = , death_place = Rastatt, Margravial Baden , occupations = organist, composer, , flourished = , era = Baroque , known_for = bringing many French elements through ...

(c. 1656 – 1746; active in Rastadt, Baden), studied in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

(1616 – 7 May 1667; studied under

Frescobaldi The Frescobaldi are a prominent Florentine noble family that have been involved in the political, social, and economic history of Tuscany since the Middle Ages. Originating in the Val di Pesa in the Chianti, they appear holding important posts ...

in Italy, active in Stuttgart and Vienna) *

(1627 – 1693; studied under Valentini, then under

Carissimi (Gian) Giacomo Carissimi (; baptized 18 April 160512 January 1674) was an Italian composer and music teacher. He is one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque or, more accurately, the Roman School of music. Carissimi established the ...

and possibly Frescobaldi; active in Munich and Vienna) * Johann Erasmus Kindermann ( 1616 – 1655; studied under

Johann Staden Johann Staden (baptized 2 July 1581 – 15 November 1634) was a German Baroque organist and composer. He is best known for establishing the so-called ''Nuremberg School''. Life He was the son of Hans Staden and Elisabeth Löbelle. The exact ...

, active Nuremberg) *

Johann Krieger Johann Krieger (28 December 1651 – 18 July 1735) was a German composer and organist, younger brother of Johann Philipp Krieger. Born in Nuremberg, he worked at Bayreuth, Zeitz, and Greiz before settling in Zittau. He was one of the most importan ...

(1651 – 1735; active Nuremberg and Zitau), studied under

Heinrich Schwemmer Heinrich Schwemmer (28 March 1621 – 31 May 1696) was a German music teacher and composer. He was born in Gumpertshausen bei Hallburg, Lower Franconia, and moved with his mother to Weimar after his father’s death in 1627, to get away from ...

and

(1649 – 1725; active Nuremberg, Halle & Weißenfels), studied under Johann Drechsel, Gabriel Schütz, and

Johann Rosenmüller Johann Rosenmüller (1619 – 10 September 1684) was a German Baroque composer, who played a part in transmitting Italian musical styles to the north. Career Rosenmüller was born in Oelsnitz, near Plauen in Saxony. He studied at the University ...

) * Christian Michael (c. 1593 - 29 August 1637 Leipzig) * Georg Muffat (studied under

Lully Jean-Baptiste Lully ( , , ; born Giovanni Battista Lulli, ; – 22 March 1687) was an Italian-born French composer, guitarist, violinist, and dancer who is considered a master of the French Baroque music style. Best known for his operas, he ...

in Paris, then with Pasquini and Corelli in Italy) *

Franz Xaver Murschhauser Franz Xaver Anton Murschhauser (1 July 1663 – 6 January 1738) was a German composer and theorist. He was born in Saverne, Alsace, but he is first mentioned as a singer and instrumentalist at St Peter's School in Munich, in 1676. He studied mu ...

(1663 – 1738; active in Munich), studied under Kerll * Johann Pachelbel (studied under Wecker and Schwemmer and possibly Kerll) * Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel (studied under his father Johann) *

Paul Peuerl Paul Peuerl (also ''Bäurl, Beuerlin, Bäwerl, Agricola, Peyerl''; 13 June 1570 (baptised), in Stuttgart – after 1625) was a German organist, organ builder, renovator and repairer, and composer of instrumental music. From November 1601 he was o ...

(1570 in Stuttgart – disappeared from Upper Austria after 1625) * Isaac Posch (died 1623 in

Ljubljana Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the ar ...

) *

Ferdinand Tobias Richter Ferdinand Tobias Richter (22 July 1651 – 3 November 1711) was an Austrian Baroque composer and organist. Richter was born in Würzburg. From 1675 to 1679 he served as organist at Heiligenkreuz Abbey in southern Austria. In 1683 he move ...

(1651 – 1711; active in Lower Austria and Vienna) * Sebastian Anton Scherer (1631 – 1712; active in Ulm) *

(teacher to Nikolaus Deinl,

, Johann Löhner, Johann Pachelbel, J.B. Schütz, and

Maximilian Zeidler Maximilian, Maximillian or Maximiliaan (Maximilien in French) is a male given name. The name " Max" is considered a shortening of "Maximilian" as well as of several other names. List of people Monarchs *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459� ...

) * Johann Speth (1664 – after 1719; active in Augburg) *

(1581 – 1634; active Nuremberg and Dresden), teacher to Kindermann * Agostino Steffani (studied under Kerll) * Christoph Stoltzenberg (studied under Deinl) *

Christoph Strauss Christoph Straus (1575–1631) was an Austrian composer, Cantor (church), cantor and organist. His church music includes polyphonic pieces and polychoral Mass (music), Masses, including a notable Music for the Requiem Mass, Requiem for high and l ...

(1575–1631; active Vienna) *

(studied under Kindermann; teacher to Johann Krieger and Pachelbel) Taken 19 May 2011 from http://www.hoasm.org/VIB/VIBClavierOrganLute.html

References

* Hans Tischler, Willi Apel. "The History of Keyboard Music to 1700". 1972 Indiana University Press. * John Caldwell. "Keyboard music (I)", ''

Grove Music Online ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-language ''Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', it is one of the largest reference works on the history and theo ...

'', ed. L. Macy
grovemusic.com
(subscription access). {{Pipe organs German music history Baroque music Pipe organ